These type of membranes provides truly effective,long term waterproofing protection which form a permanent bond to concrete poured against it and prevents water from seeping into the gap between structure and membrane.
It is a Liquid system that cures rapidly to form a seamless,monolithic membrane fully bonded to the substrate (concrete and steel) making continuos waterproof barrier and eliminates water migration preventing water tracking. Liquid applied membranes is durable, tough, with excellent wear and abrasion resistance.
Torch applied waterproofing membranes are widely used in all the concrete structures like basements, tanking, foundations, roofs etc. These are easily workable around contours and protrusion. The polyester cores provide better tensile strength, toughness, elongation and puncture resistance and can accommodate the stresses caused by the typical roof expansion and contraction cycle. These are ideal for the use to dress the pile cap, tie beams and waterproofing of rafts.
Integral waterproofing is especially useful in highly corrosive environments such as bridges constructed over bodies of salt water and high-consequence projects where failure isn’t an option.It is useful in deep foundations and bored tunnels where the waterproofing solution can be incorporated into the concrete batching process. Their biggest advantages are the self-sealing ability, absence of seams. The whole concrete mass act as the waterproof membrane.
Synthetic Membranes(PVC,TPO,SBR and HDPE membranes): Synthetic Membranes are widely used all over the world to prevent the leakage, seepage of water and act as a fluid barrier. Synthetic membranes have high mechanical properties and work-ability. These membranes can be loosely laid or fully bonded depending upon the requirements. These membrane can be laid under the concrete and also over the roof without any protection layer. Synthetic membranes have high resistance to permanent water pressure, good flexibility at low temperatures, explosion resistant, resistant to aging and fire resistant. These membrane are suitable for contact with both alkaline & acidic water.
Non-structural Cracks: Non-structural cracks are caused by changes in the moisture content and thermal movement. They can occur anywhere where there are openings in the wall. Non-structural cracks can also be caused due to Creep Vegetation/Trees Shifting or moving foundations Settlement Hydrostatic pressure.
Structural Cracks: Structural cracks are due to poor construction sites, swollen soil, poor soil bearing or overloading. These cracks are usually accompanied by other signs of foundation issues such as sticking doors and windows, slanted doors, sloping floors and cracks in porches. The common characteristics structural cracks include: Continuous horizontal cracks along walls, Vertical cracks that are wider at the top or bottom, Stair-step cracks, Foundation wall cracks, Cracks in beams, foundation slabs, Angled cracks that form in the corners of walls with a horizontal crack in the center, Cracks wider than 1/8", Cracks extending to the upper levels of the structure.
Honeycombs are hollow spaces and cavities left in concrete mass on surface or inside the concrete mass, where concrete could not reach, if honeycombs is left untreated in areas of possible moisture penetration, serious structural conditions such as concrete cancer could occur. Concrete cancer is the rusting of steel reinforcement from within the concrete forcing the layers of rust to push away the concrete surrounding it. We recommend that honeycomb be immediately repaired in areas of high exposure to moisture, and regularly monitored in areas adequately protected from weathering.
Jacketing is particularly used for the repair of deteriorated columns, piers, and piles and may easily be employed in underwater applications. The method is applicable for protecting concrete, steel, and timber sections against further deterioration and for strengthening. Jacketing is the process whereby a section of an existing structural member is restored to original dimensions or increased in size by encasement using suitable materials. A steel reinforcement cage or composite material wrap can be constructed around the damaged section onto which shotcrete or cast-in- place concrete is placed.
Microconcrete is combination of cement, high quality graded fine aggregate, shrinkage compensating agents and dispersion agents in powder form. Micro concrete is a dry ready mix cementitious based composition formulated mainly used in repairs works when the concrete is damaged and the area is restricted in movement due to which there is problem in placing concrete. Their biggest advantages are the self-sealing ability, absence of seams. The whole concrete mass act as the waterproof membrane.
Involves wrapping of RC columns by high strength-low weight fiber wraps to provide passive confinement, which increases both strength and ductility.FRP sheets are wrapped around the columns, with fibers oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of column, and are fixed to the column using epoxy resin. The wrap not only provides passive confinement and increases the concrete strength, but also provides significant strength against shear.
The unwanted accumulation of scale and detrimental impact of metallic corrosion can be significant issues. A corrosion inhibitor is a chemical compound that, when added to a liquid or gas, decreases the corrosion rate of a material, typically a metal or an alloy.The effectiveness of a corrosion inhibitor depends on fluid composition, quantity of water, and flow regime. A common mechanism for inhibiting corrosion involves formation of a coating, often a passivation layer, which prevents access of the corrosive substance to the metal.
Injection grouting is a process of filling the cracks, voids or honeycombs under pressure in concrete or masonry structural members for repairing of cracks, strengthening of damaged concrete or masonry structural members.Following are the various types of injection grouting and materials for concrete crack repair: Polymer injection grouting, Fiber-reinforced high strength epoxy injection grouting & Cement – sand grouting.
Rebar (short for reinforcing bar), collectively known as reinforcing steel and reinforcement steel, is a steel bar or mesh of steel wires used as a tension device in reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry structures to strengthen and hold the concrete in tension. Rebar's surface is often patterned to form a better bond with the concrete.
Anti-carbonation coatings are surface treatments that have a high resistance to carbon dioxide. They protect concrete from carbonation by acting as a carbon dioxide barrier. The elastic properties allow for an amount of movement and crack bridging.
Following are the different methods to repair underwater concrete structures:
Anchorage system is provided that is composed of a hex and two cams, equalized with slings. These are used as personal protective equipment against falls from height and usually installed on the roof to connect with different parts to protect a worker from fall. These are provided with D-ring connection or as complex as a complete lifeline system.
An expansion joint or movement joint is an assembly designed to safely absorb the heat-induced expansion and contraction of construction materials, to absorb vibration, to hold parts together, or to allow movement due to ground settlement or earthquakes. They are commonly found between sections of buildings, bridges, sidewalks, railway tracks, piping systems, ships, and other structures. Building faces, concrete slabs, and pipelines expand and contract due to warming and cooling from seasonal variation, or due to other heat sources. Before expansion joint gaps were built into these structures, they would crack under the stress induced
Chemical grouting permeates pore spaces in granular soils with a low viscosity non-particulate grout, which hardens to create a cemented mass. A catalyst may be added to speed the reaction time. Depending on the chemical grout being used, it may expand as part of the reaction process. Non-cohesive soils are the best candidates for chemical grouting soil stabilization.
Manchette tube is a PVC or metal pipe in which rubber sleeves cover holes that are drilled in the pipe at specific intervals. The tubes are inserted into holes that have been bored into the "work area" (soil, rock, concrete, etc.) known as the "grout zone". Grout is pumped to a packer that has been slid into the tube. Seals on the packer force the grout thru the holes in the tube, past the flexible rubber sleeve, and into the grout zone to help stabilize and/or seal it.
Consolidation grouting is a general term for grouting that is carried out within a rock mass with the intent of filling rock mass discontinuities. The process involves injecting a grout material to fill the discontinuities, which are the pathways through which fluids or gases migrate in most rocks. With grout filling the rock discontinuities, the hydraulic gradient is reduced as the liquids or gases move through the grout, ultimately reducing or stopping migration.
Low Mobility Grouting densify loose granular soils (Compaction Grouting), reinforces fine grained soils, and stabilizes subsurface voids or sinkholes by the staged injection of low-slump, low mobility aggregate grout. When performing soil improvement, an injection pipe is first inserted typically to the maximum treatment depth. The grout is then injected as the pipe is slowly removed in lifts, creating a column of overlapping grout bulbs. The expansion of the low mobility grout bulbs displaces surrounding soils. Compaction grouting increases the density, friction angle, and stiffness of surrounding granular soils. The effectiveness of the improvement can be increased by sequencing the low mobility (compaction) grouting work from primary to secondary to tertiary locations. In all soils, the high modulus grout column reinforces the treatment zone.
Jet grouting creates in situ geometries of soilcrete (grouted soil), using a grouting monitor attached to the end of a drill stem. The jet grout monitor is advanced to the maximum treatment depth. Then high velocity jets (cement grout with optional water and air) are initiated from ports in the monitor. The jets erode and mix the in situ soil with grout as the drill stem and monitor are rotated and raised.
Depending on the application and types of soils, one of three variations is used: the single fluid system (slurry grout jet), the double fluid system (slurry grout jet surrounded by an air jet) and the triple fluid system (water jet surrounded by an air jet, with a separate grout port). The jet grouting process constructs soilcrete panels, full columns, or partial columns with designed strength and/or permeability.
Crack grouting is a process of filling the cracks, voids or honeycombs under pressure in concrete or masonry structural members for repairing of cracks, strengthening of damaged concrete or masonry structural members. Following are the various types of crack grouting and materials for concrete crack repair: Polymer injection grouting, Fiber-reinforced high strength epoxy injection grouting & Cement – sand grouting.
Rock bolting is a primary means of rock reinforcement used to stabilize rock in Slopes. Rock bolts are systematically arranged in such a manner as to transfer the load from the unstable surface or exterior of the rock, to the stronger interior part of the rock.
Soil nailing is a construction technique that can be used as a remedial measure to treat unstable natural soil slopes or as a construction technique that allows the safe over-steepening of new or existing soil slopes. The technique involves the insertion of relatively slender reinforcing elements into the slope – often general purpose reinforcing bars (rebar) although proprietary solid or hollow-system bars are also available
Micropile Slide Stabilization System consists of an array of micropiles in combination with anchors. Micropiles are small diameter piles that can be installed in almost any type of ground where piles are required, with design loads as small as three tons and as high as 500+ tons. micropiles can offer a viable alternative to conventional piling techniques, particularly in restricted access or low headroom situations.
Prestressed cable anchor can be used to stabilize a retaining wall by transferring the forces caused by the natural thrust of the ground and the working loads beyond the slip circle. Forces are transmitted to the ground via the bond length. It is generally prestressed to control the movement of the wall during the various construction phases.
Soldier piles, also known as king piles or Berlin walls, are constructed of wide flange steel H sections spaced about 2 to 3 m apart and are driven prior to excavation. As the excavation proceeds, horizontal timber sheeting (lagging) is inserted behind the H pile flanges. The horizontal earth pressures are concentrated on the soldier piles because of their relative rigidity compared to the lagging. Soil movement and subsidence is minimized by maintaining the lagging in firm contact with the soil.
Soldier piles are most suitable in conditions where well constructed walls will not result in subsidence such as over-consolidated clays, soils above the water table if they have some cohesion, and free draining soils which can be effectively dewatered, like sands.
Flexible slope stabilization strucure system combines high strength geogrid as primary soil reinforcement and heavily galvanized and PVC coated mechanically woven steel wire mesh panels as secondary reinforcement. The Gabion facia unit with secondary reinforcement should be monolithic with 100% connection strength and ready to use at site. Structure consisting of an external face, stone filled gabion type, continued as a double twist mesh panel, both PVC coated. They can be built with a stepped or vertical face, with or without a batter. They are specially designed for sites and situations where it is necessary to reconstitute the soil mass and where filling stone is scarce or expensive to obtain.This system can also be used for retaining overburden dump in mining sector.
Hydroseeding (or hydraulic mulch seeding, hydro-mulching, hydraseeding) is a planting process that uses a slurry of seed and mulch. It is often used as an erosion control technique on construction sites, as an alternative to the traditional process of broadcasting or sowing dry seed.It can be very effective for hillsides and sloping lawns to help with erosion control and quick planting. Hydroseeding will typically cost less than planting with sod.
A geomembrane is very low permeability synthetic membrane liner or barrier used with any geotechnical engineering related material so as to control fluid (or gas) migration in a human-made project, structure, or system. Geomembranes are made from relatively thin continuous polymeric sheets, but they can also be made from the impregnation of geotextiles with asphalt, elastomer or polymer sprays, or as multilayered bitumen geocomposites.
Shotcrete is concrete (or sometimes mortar) conveyed through a hose and pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a surface, as a construction technique. It is reinforced by conventional steel rods, steel mesh, and/or fibers. Fiber reinforcement (steel or synthetic) is also used for stabilization in applications such as slopes or tunneling.
Shotcrete is usually an all-inclusive term for both the wet-mix and dry-mix versions. In pool construction, however, the term shotcrete" refers to wet-mix and "gunite" to dry-mix. Shotcrete is placed and compacted at the same time, due to the force with the nozzle. It can be sprayed onto any type or shape of surface, including vertical or overhead areas.
These wire mesh have high tensile strength and are useful for rockfall protection among other applications. It can be used for stabilizing slopes by pinning them with a combination of mesh and rock or soil anchors, as well as installed as a drape to control erosion. Thus, the frequency and magnitude of events such as rockfall and shallow slumps can be reduced.
The mesh consists of galvanized high grade corrosion prevention using Zinc-Aluminium coating. For installation process, the panels are unrolled from the top to the bottom in the hazard zones. The different mesh layers are then connected by overlapping and sewing them together with high-tensile sewing rope in the vertical direction. Horizontal connections are made with an original wire strand yielding a seamless connection. Additionally, mesh can be secured by spike plates at anchor positions.
Rockfall barriers are designed to resist or catch rocks and boulders blocks before they fall onto roads and infrastructure. Rockfall barrier is the best solution in difficult terrains where other methods are not feasible. For proper functioning of infrastructure and to protect the people from hazards, rockfall barriers can be installed at any location because of its flexibility. This system protects the area prone to rock falls where wire mesh system is not suitable. Barriers are positioned to intercept and stop falling of rocks. Because of its flexible system, these barriers can resist higher loads compared to rigid concrete retaining wall.
Rock bolting is a primary means of rock reinforcement used to stabilize rock in Slopes. Rock bolts are systematically arranged in such a manner as to transfer the load from the unstable surface or exterior of the rock, to the stronger interior part of the rock.
Shotcrete is concrete (or sometimes mortar) conveyed through a hose and pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a surface, as a construction technique. It is reinforced by conventional steel rods, steel mesh, and/or fibers. Fiber reinforcement (steel or synthetic) is also used for stabilization in applications such as slopes or tunneling.
Shotcrete is usually an all-inclusive term for both the wet-mix and dry-mix versions. In pool construction, however, the term "shotcrete" refers to wet-mix and "gunite" to dry-mix. Shotcrete is placed and compacted at the same time, due to the force with the nozzle. It can be sprayed onto any type or shape of surface, including vertical or overhead areas.
Debris flow barriers are designed on a location to protect infrastructures, utilities, buildings and lives from debris flood. Steel components are used to form steel wire rope and mesh made from high quality material are used to protect the debris flow, avalanche and landslides. Debris flow generally occur due to heavy rainfalls whereby water rapidly infiltrate/penetrates and loosens the ground material and this results in free flow of the materials under gravity.